1-2 Corinthians
Written approximately a year apart, 1-2 Corinthians chronicle a more challenging of Paul’s relationships with the churches. Though Paul was successful in establishing a church at Corinth, he at times struggled with how to reach the culture of Corinth. 1 and 2 Corinthians form a compelling portrait of a first-century church and what it was like navigating theological confusion, ethical challenges, and the tension that inherently comes with leadership. Paul’s responses are both theologically rich and pastorally sensitive, offering timeless guidance on church unity, spiritual maturity, and the nature of Christian leadership. These letters remain foundational texts for understanding early Christianity and the lived reality of the gospel in community.

After lovingly greeting the church at Corinth, Paul dives into his main concern: division among the believers that is rooted in the attitudes of the surrounding society.
Paul tells the church that the “Jews look for miraculous signs and the Gentiles look for wisdom,” and then points to the fact that both are missing the divine revelation right in front of them.
If he does not have superior qualifications or credentials, where does his authority come from? Paul explains to the church in Corinth how to have the mind of Christ.
Do you follow Paul? Or Apollo? Or Peter? Much like a celebrity fan following, or allegiance to a sports team, the Corinthians were taking sides, and it was creating chaos in the Body of Christ.
Corinth
/ Cor·inth / geographical location
Region of ancient Greece occupying most of the Isthmus of Corinth (which connects the Peloponnese with the rest of Greece).
Athena
/ Athe·na / noun
Greek goddess of war, handicraft, and practical reason; also the city protectress. Iidentified by the Romans with Minerva.
Venus
/ Athe·na / noun
The ancient Italian goddess associated with cultivated fields and gardens and later identified by the Romans with the Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite.
Spiritual Gifts
/ spir·i·tu·al gifts / noun
Special abilities given by God to believers for building up the church.

Archeology and the New Testament
Richard Bauckham

A Handbook of New Testament Exegesis
Craig L Blomberg

Encountering the New Testament; a Historical and Theological Survey
Walter Elwell

1-2 Corinthians
Craig S. Keener

Corinthian Wisdom, Stoic Philosophy, & the Ancient Economy
Timothy Brooks
